Masthead CMC Magazine / January 1, 1996

* Sexually Explicit Materials and the Internet, by Douglas Birsch

Endnotes

  1. Cavazos, E. and G. Morin. (1994). Cyberspace and the Law: Your Rights and Duties in the On-line World. Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press. ^

  2. Elmer-Dewitt, P. (3 July 1995). On a screen near you: Cyberporn. Time, 38.

    For a brief critique of the Time article and the Carnegie Mellon study, see Chapman, G. (31 July 1995). Not so naughty. The New Republic, 11. ^

  3. Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (1973). ^

  4. Two sources for Gewirth's justification of human rights are: Gewirth, A. (1978). Reason and Morality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, and Gewirth, A. (1989). The basis and content of human rights. In M. E. Winston, Ed., The Philosophy of Human Rights, Belmont: Wadsworth. ^

  5. Gewirth, A. (1989). The basis and content of human rights. In M. E. Winston, Ed., The Philosophy of Human Rights, Belmont: Wadsworth, 185-186. ^

  6. Ibid., pp. 188-189. ^

  7. Ibid., p. 188. ^

  8. Ibid., p. 189. ^

  9. Ibid., p. 190. ^

  10. Ibid., pp. 190-191. ^

  11. There is a great deal of philosophical controversy connected to problems with conflicting rights. There is no universally accepted hierarchy or ranking of rights; there are only some common intuitions; e.g., that life is more important than liberty and therefore we can limit some people's liberty to protect the lives of others. ^

  12. Staton, J. (7 August 1995). Porn spurs new filtering tools. MacWeek. ^

  13. Longino, H. E. (1980) Pornography, oppression, and freedom. In L. Lederer, Ed., Take Back the Night: Women on Pornography. New York: William Morrow and Co. Inc. ^

  14. Longino, "Pornography, Oppression, and Freedom," 43. ^

  15. Ibid., 44-45. ^

  16. American Booksellers Ass'n. v. Hudnut, 771 F.2d 323 (1985). ^

  17. Ibid., 325. ^

  18. MacKinnon, C. A. (January 1989). Sexuality, pornography, and method: 'Pleasure under patriarchy.' Ethics 99: 327. ^

  19. Ibid., 329. ^

  20. Two articles which contain citations for many of these studies are: Carse, A. (Winter 1995). Pornography: An uncivil liberty? Hypatia 10:155-182; and Manning, R. C. (1988). Redefining obscenity. The Journal of Value Inquiry 22: 193-205. ^

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