Mathematical, Symbolic, and Special characters for HTML

Note that not all browsers display all these symbols. Mozilla displays all of them. Microsoft Internet Explorer displays only some.

Latin Extended-B

Character	Entity	Description
ƒ	ƒ	latin small f with hook = function = florin

General Punctuation

Character	Entity	Description
•	•	bullet = black small circle
…	…	horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader
′	′	prime = minutes = feet
″	″	double prime = seconds = inches
‾	‾	overline = spacing overscore
⁄	⁄	fraction slash

Letterlike Symbols

Character	Entity	Description
℘	℘	script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p
ℑ	ℑ	blackletter capital I = imaginary part
ℜ	ℜ	blackletter capital R = real part symbol
™	™	trade mark sign
ℵ	ℵ	alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal

Arrows

Character	Entity	Description
←	←	leftwards arrow
↑	↑	upwards arrow
→	→	rightwards arrow
↓	↓	downwards arrow
↔	↔	left right arrow
↵	↵	downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return
⇐	⇐	leftwards double arrow
⇑	⇑	upwards double arrow
⇒	⇒	rightwards double arrow
⇓	⇓	downwards double arrow
⇔	⇔	left right double arrow

Mathematical Operators

Character	Entity	Description
∀	∀	for all
∂	∂	partial differential
∃	∃	there exists
∅	∅	empty set = null set = diameter
∇	∇	nabla = backward difference
∈	∈	element of
∉	∉	not an element of
∋	∋	contains as member
∏	∏	n-ary product = product sign
∑	∑	n-ary sumation
−	−	minus sign
∗	∗	asterisk operator
√	√	square root = radical sign
∝	∝	proportional to
∞	∞	infinity
∠	∠	angle
∧	∧	logical and = wedge
∨	∨	logical or = vee
∩	∩	intersection = cap
∪	∪	union = cup
∫	∫	integral
∴	∴	therefore
∼	∼	tilde operator = varies with = similar to
≅	≅	approximately equal to
≈	≈	almost equal to = asymptotic to
≠	≠	not equal to
≡	≡	identical to
≤	≤	less-than or equal to
≥	≥	greater-than or equal to
⊂	⊂	subset of
⊃	⊃	superset of
⊄	⊄	not a subset of
⊆	⊆	subset of or equal to
⊇	⊇	superset of or equal to
⊕	⊕	circled plus = direct sum
⊗	⊗	circled times = vector product
⊥	⊥	up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular
⋅	⋅	dot operator

Miscellaneous Technical

Character	Entity	Description
⌈	⌈	left ceiling = apl upstile
⌉	⌉	right ceiling
⌊	⌊	left floor = apl downstile
⌋	⌋	right floor
⟨	⟨	left-pointing angle bracket = bra
⟩	⟩	right-pointing angle bracket = ket

Geometric Shapes

Character	Entity	Description
◊	◊	lozenge

Miscellaneous Symbols

Character	Entity	Description
♠	♠	black spade suit
♣	♣	black club suit = shamrock
♥	♥	black heart suit = valentine
♦	♦	black diamond suit

C0 Controls and Basic Latin

Character	Entity	Description
"	"	quotation mark = APL quote
&	&	ampersand
<	&lt;	less-than sign
>	&gt;	greater-than sign

Latin Extended-A

Œ	Œ	latin capital ligature OE
œ	œ	latin small ligature oe
Š	Š	latin capital letter S with caron
š	š	latin small letter s with caron
Ÿ	Ÿ	latin capital letter Y with diaeresis

Spacing Modifier Letters

Character	Entity	Description
ˆ	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent
˜	˜	small tilde

General Punctuation

Character	Entity	Description
	 	en space
	 	em space
	 	thin space
‌	‌	zero width non-joiner
‍	‍	zero width joiner
‎	‎	left-to-right mark
‏	‏	right-to-left mark
–	–	en dash
—	—	em dash
‘	‘	left single quotation mark
’	’	right single quotation mark
‚	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
“	“	left double quotation mark
”	”	right double quotation mark
„	„	double low-9 quotation mark
†	†	dagger
‡	‡	double dagger
‰	‰	per mille sign
‹	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark
	lsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
›	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark
	rsaquo is proposed but not yet ISO standardized
€	€	euro sign

Portions © International Organization for Standardization 1986: Permission to copy in any form is granted for use with conforming SGML systems and applications as defined in ISO 8879, provided this notice is included in all copies.

Reference: Character entity references in HTML 4

See also:

• Latin entities
• Greek entities
• Numeric code references in HTML