Development Processes
- Planning: define target audience, purpose, objectives, and policies for information development and use.
- Analysis: check technical construction of web with validation tools; evaluate information consistency and verify correctness of domain information.
- Design: separate information into page-sized chunks; connect pages along routes of use and user thinking; provide information, context, and navigation cues; create a consistent look and feel.
- Implementation: create an extendible directory and file structure; use HTML tools where helpful; use templates for supporting consistent look and feel; check implementation in various browsers.
- Promotion: target publicity releases for general Web audiences, potential users, and current users; follow online community norms and practices; innovatively connect with users to meet their needs.
- Innovation: continuously and creatively work for improvement to meet user needs; use testing, evaluation, and focus groups to shift and change web's content as user needs change.
HTML Reference
The following table summarizes some of the most commonly used
HTML tags. User-supplied values are displayed in
italics; choices, where available, are separated
by a vertical bar |.
The levels of HTML summarized include statements from:
| Level | Explanation |
|---|---|
| 2 | part of the HTML 2.0 specification |
| 3 | part of the HTML 3.0 or higher (e.g., 3.2) specifications |
| N | HTML extension for Netscape browsers |
| Level | HTML Statement | explanation | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Document Structure | |||||||||||
| 2 | <HTML></HTML> |
start and end of HTML document | |||||||||
| 2 | <HEAD></HEAD> |
document meta-information start and end | |||||||||
| 2 | <BODY></BODY> |
content of document displayed by browser | |||||||||
| Document Meta Tags | |||||||||||
| 2 | <TITLE></TITLE> |
document title; goes in HEAD | |||||||||
| 2 | <BASE Href="URL"> |
base reference URL of document;
goes in HEAD | |||||||||
| 2 | <LINK Rev="made" Href="mailto:user@host.domain"> |
user@host.domain wrote the document;
goes in HEAD | |||||||||
| Text | |||||||||||
| 2 | user's text |
the user's text consists of
ASCII characters
and is displayed with whitespace (line breaks, extra spaces between
words) removed
| |||||||||
| 2 | &#code |
special character with
numeric code
or
ISO Latin-1
name given as code | |||||||||
| 2 | <!-- comment --> |
comment; not displayed by browser | |||||||||
| Anchors | |||||||||||
| 2 | <A Href="URL">Hotspot</A> |
anchor linking Hotspot text to document URL | |||||||||
| 2 | <A Name="Jump">Text</A> |
anchor with name Jump associated with Text | |||||||||
| 2 | <A Href="URL#Jump">Hotspot</A> |
anchor with jump from Hotspot to anchor named Jump in document URL | |||||||||
| Lists and Blocks of Text | |||||||||||
| 2 | <UL></UL> |
unordered list (items marked with <LI>) | |||||||||
| 2 | <OL></OL> |
ordered list (items marked with <LI>) | |||||||||
| 2 | <DL></DL> |
definition list
(terms marked with <DT>,
definitions marked with <DD>) | |||||||||
| 2 | <BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE> |
extended quotation | |||||||||
| 2 | <ADDRESS></ADDRESS> |
address; often used for document author identification | |||||||||
| Separators | |||||||||||
| 2 | <H1></H1>...
<H6></H6> |
headings from level 1 (major) to 6 (minor) | |||||||||
| 2 | <HR> |
horizontal rule | |||||||||
| N | <HR Size="thickness"> |
horizontal rule that is thickness pixels
high | |||||||||
| 2 | <BR> |
line break | |||||||||
| 2 | <P> |
paragraph start | |||||||||
| 3 | <P Align="left|center|right"></P> |
paragraph start and end, with text aligned
left, center,
or right | |||||||||
| Physical Character Formatting | |||||||||||
| 2 | <B></B> |
bold | |||||||||
| 2 | <I></I> |
italic | |||||||||
| 2 | <TT></TT> |
typewriter | |||||||||
| 2 | <PRE></PRE> |
preformatted text; preserves line breaks | |||||||||
| 3 | <SUP></SUP> |
superscript | |||||||||
| 3 | <SUB></SUB> |
subscript | |||||||||
| N | <CENTER></CENTER> |
centers text | |||||||||
| N | <BLINK></BLINK> |
rendered as blinking text | |||||||||
| N | <FONT Size="size"></FONT> |
font set to size,
ranging from 1 to 7 | |||||||||
| N | <FONT Size="+|-step"></FONT> |
font size stepped up (+) or down (-) by
step | |||||||||
| N | <FONT Color="#RRGGBB"></FONT> |
font set to color given
by hexadecimal red, green, and blue values, RRGGBB | |||||||||
| Logical Character Formatting | |||||||||||
| 2 | <CITE></CITE> |
citation | |||||||||
| 2 | <CODE></CODE> |
computer source code | |||||||||
| 2 | <EM></EM> |
emphasized | |||||||||
| 2 | <KBD></KBD> |
keyboard entry | |||||||||
| 2 | <SAMP></SAMP> |
text sample | |||||||||
| 2 | <STRONG></STRONG> |
strongly emphasized | |||||||||
| 2 | <VAR></VAR> |
variable name | |||||||||
| Images | |||||||||||
| 2 | <IMG Src="URL"> |
inserts image at URL into document | |||||||||
| 2 | <IMG Src="URL" Alt="string"> |
displays string for non-graphical browsers instead of image | |||||||||
| 2 | <IMG Src="URL" Align="top|bottom|middle"> |
sets alignment of text after image | |||||||||
| 2 | <IMG Src="URLi" Href="URLm" Ismap> |
makes image at URL given by URLi
a map, defined by a map file given at URLm
| |||||||||
| N, 3 | <IMG Src="URL" Width="width"
Height="height"> |
sets image to be width pixels wide
by height pixels high | |||||||||
| Forms | |||||||||||
| 2 | <FORM Action="URL Method="get|post"></FORM> |
a Form with a gateway program at URL and using a method | |||||||||
| 2 | <INPUT Name="name" Type="checkbox |hidden |image |password |radio |reset |submit |text"> |
Input element with a specific type and symbolic name, name | |||||||||
| 2 | <TEXTAREA Name="name" Rows="R" Cols="C"> |
Text area (lines of editable text) with symbolic name, name and R rows and C columns visible at a time | |||||||||
| 2 | <SELECT Name="name" Size="N" Multiple> |
Select element with symbolic name, name, N selections visible at a time;
and multiple selections possible;
selections defined using OPTION | |||||||||
| 2 | <OPTION Value="string"> |
Option element used with SELECT;
with returned value string | |||||||||
| Tables | |||||||||||
| 3 | <TABLE Border></TABLE> |
start and stop of a Table with a border | |||||||||
| 3 | <CAPTION Align="top|bottom"></CAPTION> |
start and stop of the caption, placed on the top
or bottom of the table | |||||||||
| 3 | <TR></TR> |
start and stop of a row | |||||||||
| 3 | <TH Colspan="C" Rowspan="R"></TH> |
start and stop of a header cell spanning C columns and R rows | |||||||||
| 3 | <TD Colspan="C" Rowspan="R"></TD> |
start and stop of a data cell spanning C columns and R rows | |||||||||
| 3 | <TH|TD
Align="left|right|center"></TH|TD> |
sets horizontal alignment of item in header or data cell | |||||||||
| 3 | <TH|TD
VAlign="top|middle|bottom"></TH|TD> |
sets vertical alignment of item in header or data cell | |||||||||
| N | <TH|TD
Width="width"></TH|TD> |
sets the horizontal width of
header or data cell by width, in pixels | |||||||||
| Netscape Body Extensions | |||||||||||
| N | <BODY Background="URL"> |
sets background texture to image at URL | |||||||||
| N | <BODY BGcolor="#RRGGBB"> |
sets background
to color
with red, green, blue values given
by hexadecimal RR, GG, BB | |||||||||
| N | <BODY Text="#RRGGBB"> |
sets text color | |||||||||
| N | <BODY Link="#RRGGBB"> |
sets unvisited links color | |||||||||
| N | <BODY VLink="#RRGGBB"> |
sets visited links color | |||||||||
| N | <BODY ALink="#RRGGBB"> |
sets active links color | |||||||||
| Frames | |||||||||||
| N2.0 | <FRAMESET Rows="number[ | % | *] | *,..." Cols="number[ | % | *] | *,..."></FRAMESET> |
brackets FRAME elements in an HTML document
substituting for the BODY element;
with the list of comma-separated values defining
each column or row size:
number in pixels, or
just * to fill in rest, or
number followed by % or *
to share the rest of the space;
| N2.0 | < |
FRAME
Src="URL"
Name="text"
Marginwidth="value"
Marginheight="value"
Scrolling="yes|no|auto"
Noresize
>defines frames with document at URL and
with name text | N2.0 | < |
NOFRAMES><>brackets content to be rendered in browsers which
do not render frames | N2.0 | < |
A Target="frame_name|_self|_parent|_top|_blank">additional attribute of anchor element to define
in which frame anchor content will be displayed
| |
Web Reference
- Web Development (
https://johndecember.com/web/develop.html): summarizes Web development processes and elements. - WWW Summary information (
https://johndecember.com/html/): HTML Station -- summarizes and demonstrates HTML at all levels. - WWW Consortium HTML Information (
https://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/MarkUp/): the official word on the latest standards. - WWW FAQ (
https://www.boutell.com/faq/): helpful general information about the World Wide Web. - HTML Writer's Guild (
https://www.hwg.org/): an association of Web developers. - Web Developer's Library (
https://www.stars.com/Vlib/): Web development information on many topics.
This information is from the book, HTML 3.2 & CGI Unleashed, Professional Reference Edition, by John December, Mark Ginsburg, and chapter contributors in key areas. Indianapolis: Sams.net Publishing, 1996. ISBN 1-57521-177-7; Macmillan Computer Publishing 1(800)428-5331. For more information see the book support web at https://johndecember.com/works/hcu.html.
This document Copyright © 1995-1996 by John December. All Rights Reserved. You can distribute unaltered copies of this document for free.